Knowledge Questions (K13–K37)
Hairdressing: Shampooing, Conditioning & Treatments — written answers
Contents
Answers
K13
The importance of questioning clients to establish contra-indications
- Identifies medical conditions, scalp disorders, allergies and sensitivities.
- Prevents harm, irritation or infection.
- Ensures the service is safe and suitable.
- Helps decide whether to adapt, postpone or refuse the service.
- Protects the client and stylist legally and professionally.
K17
How to identify hair and scalp conditions and their causes
- Visual inspection of the hair and scalp.
- Physical examination by touch.
- Questioning the client about lifestyle, health and hair routine.
- Causes include over-washing, incorrect products, heat damage, chemical services and medical or hormonal issues.
K18
How and why contra-indications can affect the service
- Some contra-indications require adapting the service.
- Some may require postponement or refusal.
- Prevents the condition from worsening.
- Reduces risk of infection or injury.
- Ensures client comfort and safety.
K19
How different hair and scalp conditions affect product selection
- Dry hair requires moisturising and nourishing products.
- Oily scalp requires lightweight or balancing products.
- Coloured hair requires colour-safe products.
- Sensitive scalp requires mild and soothing products.
- Correct selection improves results and hair condition.
K20
How shampoo and water act together to cleanse the hair
- Water wets the hair and loosens dirt and oils.
- Shampoo emulsifies grease and product build-up.
- Massage helps lift impurities from the scalp.
- Rinsing removes dirt and residue from the hair.
K21
When and how massage techniques should be used when conditioning
- Pressure adjusted to hair length and density.
- Light pressure for fine or fragile hair.
- Firmer pressure for thick or dense hair.
- Helps distribute conditioner evenly.
- Improves relaxation and absorption.
K22
The effects of water temperature on the scalp and hair structure
- Warm water opens the cuticle and aids cleansing.
- Cool water closes the cuticle and adds shine.
- Cool water helps calm the scalp.
- Very hot water can dry the scalp and cause irritation.
K23
The importance of detangling the hair from ends to roots
- Reduces tension on the hair.
- Prevents breakage and split ends.
- More comfortable for the client.
- Especially important when hair is wet.
K24
How the pH value of products affects the hair
- Shampoo is slightly alkaline and opens the cuticle.
- Conditioner is acidic and closes the cuticle.
- Correct pH improves strength, smoothness and shine.
- Incorrect pH can cause dryness and damage.
K25
How product build-up affects hair, scalp and services
- Hair becomes dull, heavy and greasy.
- Scalp may feel itchy or congested.
- Reduces effectiveness of treatments and colouring services.
- Can affect styling and finishing results.
K26
How shampoos and conditioning products affect hair and scalp
- Shampoo cleanses the scalp and hair.
- Removes dirt, oil and build-up.
- Conditioner moisturises and smooths the hair.
- Improves manageability and protects the cuticle.
K30
What may happen if incorrect shampooing and conditioning products are used
- Hair may become dry, greasy or limp.
- Scalp irritation or allergic reactions may occur.
- Poor service results.
- Client dissatisfaction.
K31
When and how rotary, effleurage and friction massage techniques are used
- Rotary massage uses small circular movements with finger pads.
- Effleurage uses long, smooth stroking movements.
- Friction uses firm rubbing movements to stimulate the scalp.
- Pressure adjusted to hair length and density.
- Used during shampooing to cleanse and relax.
K32
The purpose and benefits of scalp massage
- Improves blood circulation.
- Encourages healthy hair growth.
- Relieves tension.
- Promotes relaxation.
- Enhances product effectiveness.
K33
How to use and handle equipment during conditioning and treatments
- Equipment must be used correctly and safely.
- Follow manufacturer instructions.
- Maintain hygiene and cleanliness.
- Prevent cross-contamination.
- Avoid injury to client or damage to hair.
K34
The importance of removing conditioning and treatment products
- Prevents product build-up.
- Ensures hair is not weighed down.
- Improves the final finish.
- Prevents scalp irritation.
K35
The importance of removing excess water at the end of the service
- Prevents dilution of products.
- Improves treatment effectiveness.
- Makes hair easier to manage.
- Ensures better styling results.
K36
How heat affects the hair during conditioning treatments
- Gentle heat opens the cuticle.
- Helps treatments penetrate the hair shaft.
- Excessive heat weakens the hair.
- Can cause dryness and damage if not controlled.
K37
The importance of providing advice and recommendations
- Helps clients maintain hair condition at home.
- Encourages correct product use.
- Builds trust and professionalism.
- Increases client satisfaction and loyalty.
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